@article{ISI:000316713400006,
author = "James L. Goedert and Joern Peckmann and Steven R. Benham and Arie W. Janssen",
abstract = "Fossils of a single pteropod species were found in an isolated carbonate
   deposit within middle Eocene deep-water strata of the Humptulips
   Formation in western Washington State, U.S.A. The carbonate formed at a
   cold seep where fluids containing high concentrations of hydrocarbons,
   principally methane, emanated from the seafloor. Anaerobic oxidation of
   the methane by prokaryotes caused localized and rapid precipitation of
   calcium carbonate that encased biogenic detritus including wood
   fragments and mollusk shells; in this case even the minute and delicate
   aragonitic shells of the pteropod Heliconoides nitens (Lea, 1833), the
   first certain record of this taxon for the Pacific Basin. The presence
   of H. nitens in the Humptulips Formation allows us to recalibrate the
   age of the formation as late Lutetian or early Bartonian, up to 8
   million years younger than previously thought. Heliconoides nitens has
   been found in temporally equivalent strata elsewhere in the world, and
   this is another example of some fossil pteropods having utility for long
   distance biostratigraphic correlations. Pteropod shells rapidly dissolve
   in deep-water environments, thus cold seep deposits may be a source of
   pteropod fossils in deep-water strata where they otherwise would not
   occur.",
address = "NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA",
issn = "0006-324X",
journal = "PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON",
keywords = "biostratigraphy; Humptulips Formation; hydrocarbon seep; Olympic
   Peninsula; Washington State",
month = "MAR 19",
number = "1",
pages = "72-82",
publisher = "BIOL SOC WASHINGTON",
title = "{F}irst record of the {E}ocene pteropod {H}eliconoides nitens ({G}astropoda:
   {T}hecosomata: {L}imacinidae) from the {P}acific {B}asin",
type = "Article",
volume = "126",
year = "2013",
}